Huge Genetic Inclusion during Conversion of R-Plasmids into MDR Conjugative Plasmids in Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Crimson Publishers

Huge Genetic Inclusion during Conversion of R-Plasmids into MDR Conjugative Plasmids in Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Asit Kumar Chakraborty in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease: Crimson Publishers_Open Access High Impact Articles

High rate infections and deaths due to multidrug-resistant pathogens have created a horror worldwide. Because MDR bacteria are present in river, sea and air as well as in all household matters, such infections are ubiquitous. Most dangerous step occurred when R-plasmids and integrons (2-9kb) were combined with F’-conjugative plasmid (50-500kb) creating MDR conjugative plasmids that highly donated the mdr genes into household pathogens in the environment. Now 40% of household Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus like Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria are ampicillin resistant and also to some extent tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and neomycin resistant.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000526.php

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Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Back Yard Chicken in and Around DebereTabere Town, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: Crimson Publishers

Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Back Yard Chicken in and Around DebereTabere Town, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia by Temesigen W Molla in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease: Crimson Publishers_World journal of microbiology and biotechnology

A cross sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of chicken coccidial infections and assessment of the associated risk factor in backyard chickens in and around Debre Tabore town, South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia from October 2015 and May 2016.Floatation techniques were used for qualitative study of coccidialoocyst. Descriptive statistics was used to express prevalence while chi-square test used to assess if there was statistically significant association between targeted host factors and coccidial infection. The degrees of these associations were quantified using crude and adjusted odds ratio. Statistical significance was assumed if the confidence interval (CI) did not include one among its values or whenever p-value was less than 5%. The overall animal prevalence for coccidial infections was 21.4% (48/224) and the prevalence was significantly associated with breed (p=0.019), age (p=0.028) and sex (p=0.004) of the study animals. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, female (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=0.3; 95%CI:0.17-0.68) and exotic breeds (AOR=0.46; 95%CI:0.23-0.93) were found less likely infected with coccidialoocystes as compared to male and local chickens. However, increased risk for coccidial infection was recorded in adult chicken (AOR=2.04; 95%CI:1.02-4.08) as compared to the grower chickens. In conclusion, this study showed coccidial infection could be important in the backyard chickens in the study area even though the overall prevalence was relatively low. Moreover, the prevalence was higher in adults than the growers, which alerts the need to undertake suitable and practically applicable control and prevention measures in the parent stocks.

 

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000525.php

 

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