Biotechnology and Its Simultaneous Evolution_Crimson Publishers

Biotechnology and Its Simultaneous Evolution by Leonardo Brantes Bacellar Mendes in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000560.php

Biotechnology is currently developing across borders rapidly and simultaneously. New equipment is continuously developed and refined to improve production processes and quality control associated with obtaining the most diverse bioproducts such as biosurfactants, natural dyes, antioxidants and antibiotics. There is no industrial biotechnological process that works generically and each requires particular solutions that can sustain a good scale up from scientific and technological points of view.

State-of-the-art centrifuges and decanters "taylor made" with high commercial value have a prominent place in unit operations for the separation of micro-organisms of interest or the culture medium containing bioproducts or only for clarification of the final product as in the industrial procurement of wine.

High-sensitivity flow cytometers with cellular recognition capability utilizing information on biochemical composition, shape and size help in screening and sorting out new strains of microorganisms to be grown for the discovery of promising new molecules (e.g. antivirals to fight HIV).

On the other hand, the huge variety of new newly synthesized reagents – molecular probes – has been assisting in the detection and quantification of target molecules "in situ", an extremely important fact for rapid evaluation and intervention throughout bioprocesses with short production cycles.

The company Life Technologies Corporation (Figure 1), recently acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific, has available in its catalog of molecular probes 35 reference standards for flow cytometry at the disposal of the international scientific community, in addition to other catalogs containing hundreds of other equipment, kits and reagents.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Female Sex Workers Living in Isfahan, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study_Crimson Publishers

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Female Sex Workers Living in Isfahan, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study by Somayeh Haghighipour in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000559.php

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) has been considered as a major health problem worldwide given the high incidence of the infection, estimated to be 131 million new cases annually. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of CT infection in female sex workers (FSWs) living in Isfahan, Iran and risks associated with its prevalence.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted on 99 FSWs recruited from two drop-in centers (DIC) in Isfahan during 2012-2014. The attendees were recruited consecutively. Vaginal, rectal, saliva and urine samples were tested for CT using Real-time PCR. The demographic data were gathered by face to face interview.

Results: Prevalence of Chlamydia infection was 20.2% (20/99). The number of people who had more than one sexual partner in the CT-positive group was significantly higher than CT-negative (P= 0.042). The percentage of women whose duration of intimate relationship lasted more than three years was higher in the Chlamydia-positive population compared to Chlamydia-negative (70% vs 35.4%, p=0.005). Furthermore, Chlamydia-negative and Chlamydia-positive FSWs differed from one another in the history of imprisonment (11.4 % in Chlamydia-negative vs 35% in Chlamydia-positive group, p=0.017).

Conclusion: The prevalence of CT infection was high among FSWs. Our findings showed that prison experience, the number of sexual partners and duration of intimate relationship were statistically significant among those affected by chlamydia infection.

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Re-Examining the Genetic Bottleneck: Atavistic Regression in Acquired Traits Affects the Outcome for Many Subspecies at the Allelic Level_Crimson Publishers

Re-Examining the Genetic Bottleneck: Atavistic Regression in Acquired Traits Affects the Outcome for Many Subspecies at the Allelic Level by Yosemite Sam in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000556.php

Genetic “bottlenecks” have long been understood to restrict the ability of a species to pass on its genetic traits to later generations. Such events occur when the numbers of one species are too small to pass on a full range of genes. Inevitably, an impoverished genome results, one that is prone to disease or to inbreeding. Now, however, a second effect of these bottlenecks is shown. Replication is the benthic standard for assessing genetic bottlenecks from wide stochastic studies. Unfortunately, this replication requirement may cause real genetic effects to be missed. A real result can fail to replicate for strategic reasons including benthic size or variability in strategic definitions across complex samples. In genomewide strategic studies the genetic allowances of polymorphisms may differ due to sampling error or population RNA. We hypothesize that some statistically significant benthic genetic effects may fail to replicate in an complex informational set when strategic frequencies differ and the functional polymorphism seems with one or more other diametric polymorphisms. To test this theory, we designed a simple study in which stochastic status grew by two interacting bottlenecks with data-irritability from 0.044 to 0.8 with dilatory sample sizes ranging from 400 to 1,700 individuals. We show that the need to replicate the united complex main effect of two polymorphisms can drop a little with a change of strategic distance of less than 0.1 at a semi-interacting polymorphism. We also show that differences in useful size can result in a reversal of meretricious effects where a benthic gene becomes a strategic factor in dilatory studies. Those stochastic data suggest that failure to replicate a complex bottleneck may provide strategic clues about the complexity of the underlying genetic sense. We think that morphisms that fail to replicate be checked for dilatory quirks with strategic units, particularly when taken from people with stochastic backgrounds or different geological regions.

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