Global Clinical Epidemiology of Carbapenem- Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Bacteremia and Association with Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis_Crimson Publishers

Global Clinical Epidemiology of Carbapenem- Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Bacteremia and Association with Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Huang Shifeng in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000569.php

Objectives: This study was aimed to systematically review published data to evaluate the clinical epidemiology, to explore the risk factors for the acquisition of CRE bacteremia among hospitalized patients and to find out their association with mortality.

Methods: The reports concerning the CRE bacteremia in hospitalized adult patients among the published literature before May 2019 were identified by a systematic search of Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane. Summary odds ratios(OR) were calculated using random effects models, and study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results: Totally 573 literatures were retrieved out, and we identified 42 studies to calculate the statistically significant pooled odds ratio, of which 22 papers describing factors for CRE-BSIs morbidity and 26 papers for mortality. Previous antibiotic exposure (OR 7.71; 95% CI 2.82-21.08; I-squared=87%), following by mechanical ventilation (OR 4.54; 95% CI 2.55, 8.08; I-squared=78%) and admission to ICU (OR 4.17; 95% CI 3.02-5.76; I-squared=72%) device generated the highest pooled estimate for CRE-BSIs morbidity. Underlying diseases or conditions lead to an unfortunate ending for patients with CRE-BSI. Appropriate empirical therapy contributed to reduce mortality for CRE-BSIs, and the use of ceftazidime-avibactam, lower Pitt bacteremia score or APACHE2 score were also relevant to control mortality.

Conclusion: The worldwide morbidity and mortality for CRE-BSIs are high. We should standardize medical practices, optimize the therapeutic approach, timely monitor relevant indicators to control hospital outbreaks.

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Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of LASSA Outbreaks in Nigeria States_Crimson Publishers

Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of LASSA Outbreaks in Nigeria States by Samuel Oluwafemi OYAMAKIN in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000568.php

A nonlinear deterministic model was considered to study the dynamics transmission and control of LASSA fever virus. The total population was divided into seven mutually exclusive classes between human and rodents as susceptible human, exposed humans, infected human, removed human, susceptible rodents, exposed rodents and infected rodents. Existence and uniqueness of the solution of the model were determined, the basic reproduction number is derived the model threshold parameter was examined using next-generation operator method. The existence of disease-free equilibrium point and endemic equilibrium point was carried out. The model result shows that diseases free equilibrium is local asymptotically stable at Ro< 1 and unstable at Ro> 1, the model is globally asymptotically stable. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters was carried out in order to identify the most sensitive parameters on the disease transmission using data from the Nigeria States.

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