Microbial Etiology of Cancer_Crimson Publishers

Microbial Etiology of Cancer by Mosab Nouraldein in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000542.php

Cancer is the sickness reasoned by an unrestrained division of atypical cells in a part of the body; these can consequence in tumours; damage to immune system; and other harm that can be lethal. Some forms of cancer result in noticeable growths named tumor; while others such as leukaemia; do not. The majorities of the body’s cells have specific roles and fixed life spans. Cell death is part of innate and advantageous phenomenon named apoptosis. A cell gets orders to die so that the body can substitute it with a newer cell that functions better. Cancerous cells are deficient in the constituents that order them to discontinue dividing and to die. Accordingly; they increase in the body using oxygen and nutrients that would regularly feed other cells. Cancerous cells can form tumours; damage the immune system and reason other alterations that stop the body from working on a regular basis.

Cancerous cells may emerge in one part; and then extend through the lymph nodes. Many microbial infections may lead to malignancies if left untreated such as Schistosoma haematobium which may lead to bladder carcinoma; Helicobacter pylori which may cause stomach cancer; Salmonella typhi may lead to gall bladder cancer; Chlamydophila pneumoniae which may lead to lung cancer; Escherichia coli and colon cancer; Streptococcus bovis and colorectal cancer and many viral infections may lead to cancer. I think that cancers occur due to microbial cause either due to infection with pathogenic microbe or due to eradication in number or by changing their normal habitat of normal microbial flora which play an important immunological and physiological role in the human body. Extensive studies about the relationship between microorganism and cancer must be conducted; certainly, the relation about the commensal bacteria and cancer.

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Happy Christmas

 

May this Christmas season bring you closer to all those that you treasure in your heart. Have a Merry Christmas and a Happy New year!

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Micro-Algal Bioproducts a Growing Universe_Crimson Publishers

 Micro-Algal Bioproducts a Growing Universe by Leonardo Brantes Bacellar Mendes in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000545.php

Cultivating microalgae from relatively simple chemical compounds and incident sunlight does not just require luck. It involves a great deal of scientific knowledge about the species chosen and the dynamic influences that biotic and abiotic factors exert on crop stability and productivity over extended periods of time. The consequences of the efforts employed in highly specialized labor and capital in general originate from the production of biomass obtained and its quality control. Microalgae biomass with high nutritional quality is usually destined to feed larvae used in aquaculture such as shrimp farming and to the nutraceutical market for human consumption.

In this context, the annual production of dry microalgae biomass in the world is around 20.000 tons / year, which is still little compared to the world production of agricultural products such as soybeans, sugar cane and corn that reach the levels of hundreds million tons per year.

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Which Disinfection Method is Effective for Water Disinfection_Crimson Publishers

Which Disinfection Method is Effective for Water Disinfection by Gülnur Tarhan in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000544.php

An effective drinking and pool water disinfection is the most important public health reponsibility. The raw water obtained from natural sources is treated by using three basic steps: sedimentation, ventilation and filtration. With good treatment, the number of bacteria in water can be reduced by 99.5%. The water must be disinfected after pretreatment. Disinfection is generally carried out by chemical, physical or mechanical methods. The chemicals used in the disinfection process are chlorine and chlorine compounds, bromine and iodine compounds, ozone, phenol and phenolic compounds, alcohols, various dyes, soaps and synthetic detergents, ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, various alkalis and acids. The use of heat and light are physical disinfection methods. With in these methods, chlorination is the most common, effective and cheapest disinfection method of water. At the same time, it is an effective microbiocide against all water-borne pathogens, although it can cause by-products after disinfection of drinking or pool water disinfection. In general, other disinfection methods are used as a supplement.

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017_Crsimson Publishers

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Mohammed HMN in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000543.php

Intestinal parasites comprise major health problems, especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. In developing countries, it is estimated that some 3.5billion people are affected, and that 450 million are ill as a result of these infections, the majority being children. Cross-sectional hospital-based study. It was conducted in Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State and aimed to estimate the distribution of Intestinal parasites among the patients in the study area. 120 stool samples were collected and analyzed by direct saline stool preparation and formal-ether Concentration Technique. Results showed that, 75(62.5%) stool samples were positive by the formal-ether Concentration Technique. While 55(45.8%) were positive by the direct saline stool preparation. Intestinal parasites were more prevalent among the male patients (65.7%) than the females (57.4%). Furthermore, they were more prevalent among the age group 5 to 10 years old (85%). The study concludes that Intestinal parasites were more prevalent among the male patients and among the age group 5to 10 years old. The study recommends using formal-ether Concentration Technique for diagnosis of Intestinal parasites.

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Microbial Etiology of Cancer_Crimson Publishers

 Microbial Etiology of Cancer by Mosab Nouraldein MH in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000542.php

Cancer is a very serious health problem affects huge number of people around the globe, up to date there is no known treatment to cancer due to diversity of disease and unknown etiology of cancer. I think that cancer occurrence must be attributed to microbes which person gains after birth. To confirm that theory we should conduct many laboratory and clinical investigations involving large sample size with different age group and various risk factors and then examine the relation between microbe and cancer.

Keywords: Cancer; Bacteria; Commensal; Pathogen; Etiology

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Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil: Results of a Laboratory-Based Survey_Crimson Publishers

Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil: Results of a Laboratory-Based Survey by Patrícia Cristina Rodrigues in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000541.php

Onychomycosis is chronic ungual disease that affects people worldwide and whose prevalence has been increasing in recent decades. Among the etiological agents are yeasts, dermatophytes and non-dermatophytid filamentous fungi (NDFF). The symptoms and severity can vary widely according to the anatomic site, condition of the individual and geographic location. Laboratory identification of the fungal etiological agents is necessary due to the wide variety of these agents and the varied responses to the existing drugs. This study aimed to diagnose and characterize epidemiologically onychomycosis, besides of to determine the susceptibility profile against evaluable antifungals drugs. Patients of a Dermatological Public Service of reference at Recife city, Northeast of the Brazil, which were suffering from suggestive lesions were evaluated between August 2016 and July 2017. Mycological diagnosis was carried out by direct microscopic examination of clinical samples clarified with 20% potassium hydrochloride (KOH) and by culture in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium supplemented with 2% (v/v) chloramphenicol. After incubation for 15 days at 35-37 °C, the macro and microscopic aspects of the colonies were analyzed for specie identification. The yeasts were identified by proteomic analysis with MALDI-TOF MS. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out according CLSI method. Signs and symptoms suggestive of onychomycosis were presented in 196 patients, of which were obtained 224 nail samples. In the mycological tests, 

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017_Crimson Publishers

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Leonardo Brantes Bacellar Mendes in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000540.php

Interest in alternative fuel sources to oil has fluctuated throughout contemporary history according to the availability of this resource. The biggest impact of the reduction in the supply of oil is the increase in the price of the barrel practiced in the international market.

The first oil shock in 1973 showed that the price of the barrel rose rapidly, from US $ 2.90 /barrel to US $ 11.65/barrel in three months, causing enormous losses in the economy of countries that do not have strategic oil and gas reserves (e.g.: Germany, France and Italy).

In the late 1970s amid the second oil shock, when the price of a barrel of oil exceeded US$ 80.00, renowned German and Italian scientists began research to obtain microalgae fuels - notably from Tetraselmis sp - in southern Italy.

Throughout the 1980s, with the normalization of oil prices in the international market, the interest for fuels from microalgae was very low and the activities of microalgae cultivation were directed to aquaculture, nutraceutical production and fine chemical compounds, highlighting the genera Chlorella and Dunaliella, as well as the cyanobacterium of the genus Arthrospira.

It is important to note that even during this period with less demand for microalgae fuels the US government did not cease its investments and promoted research and development activities to obtain products such as ethanol and biodiesel over 15 years through the Aquatic Species Program. A new moment arose between 2008 and 2009 when the price of oil surpassed US $ 120/barrel, making the interest in research and development focused on microalgae fuels resurface once more on the international scene.

Since then, new governmental incentives have been allocated in several countries, A. Mainly in the USA through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It has given a considerable boost to many universities and small companies with expertise in micro-algal biotechnology.

Several projects aimed at obtaining microalgae biomass were developed using photobioreactors, open ponds or heterotrophic culture technologies in bioreactors in the absence of light. Among the main scientific problems presented during the upstream projects were the high cost of investment for photobioreactors and the difficulty in achieving stability and high productivity in open ponds.

As regards the processing of microalgae biomass, there were also several research and development projects aimed at improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the steps of harvesting, cell disruption, extraction and conversion of the target compounds into biofuels (e.g.: ethanol, biodiesel and jet fuel).

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Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter Retrospective Greek Study_Crimson Publishers

Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter Retrospective Greek Study by Lamprini Gkaravela in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000539.php

The aim was to compare clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance and 24-loci variable numbers of tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTR) patterns among M. tuberculosis complex isolates (MTBC) recovered from patients living in Greece during a two-year period (2009-10). Isolates from 117 tuberculosis patients identified as MTBC by a molecular method were phenotypically tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Clonality was accessed by MIRU-VNTR. Among 117 patients with confirmed microbiologic tuberculosis, 90 (76.9%) were of Greek origin, and 27 (23.1%) foreigners. Only 67 out of the 117 (57.3%) patients were officially reported to the Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Phenotypic susceptibility testing revealed 10 isolates resistant to isoniazid (8.5%), two to rifampicin (1.7%), five to ethambutol (4.3%) and 17 to streptomycin (14.5%). In total two multidrug-resistant strains (1.7%) were detected. MIRU-VNTR classified 35 strains (29.9%) into 10 Families, whereas, 82 (70.1%) were not classified into any known Family. MTBC strains belonging to known Families were more commonly isolated from people living in cities and foreigners and showed a trend to higher resistance percentages to isoniazid and rifampicin. Most isolates from Greek rural areas do not belong to any known Family and are characterized by lower resistance rates.

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Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter Retrospective Greek Study_Crimson Publishers

Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter Retrospective Greek Study by Lamprini Gkaravela in Crimson Publishers

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000539.php

The aim was to compare clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance and 24-loci variable numbers of tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTR) patterns among M. tuberculosis complex isolates (MTBC) recovered from patients living in Greece during a two-year period (2009-10). Isolates from 117 tuberculosis patients identified as MTBC by a molecular method were phenotypically tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Clonality was accessed by MIRU-VNTR. Among 117 patients with confirmed microbiologic tuberculosis, 90 (76.9%) were of Greek origin, and 27 (23.1%) foreigners. Only 67 out of the 117 (57.3%) patients were officially reported to the Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Phenotypic susceptibility testing revealed 10 isolates resistant to isoniazid (8.5%), two to rifampicin (1.7%), five to ethambutol (4.3%) and 17 to streptomycin (14.5%). In total two multidrug-resistant strains (1.7%) were detected. MIRU-VNTR classified 35 strains (29.9%) into 10 Families, whereas, 82 (70.1%) were not classified into any known Family. MTBC strains belonging to known Families were more commonly isolated from people living in cities and foreigners and showed a trend to higher resistance percentages to isoniazid and rifampicin. Most isolates from Greek rural areas do not belong to any known Family and are characterized by lower resistance rates.

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Why are there Doubts about Vaccines Efficacy yet in 2018?_Crimsonpublishers

 Why are there Doubts about Vaccines Efficacy yet in 2018? by João Paulo Martins do Carmo in Crimson publishers

https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/pdf/CJMI.000538.pdf

Despite many articles that have been already published in this Cohesive Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, it is important to stress that some of them are not necessarily in agreement with the view of this editor. Especially the ones called “opinion”, in which their authors expresses what they think. But even when a scientist thinks in writing, it is good tone to show some references, because if they can’t reference their opinion, there might be some references in return showing disagreement or contradictions to their simplistic view. If you don’t believe in vaccines, for example, you should reference which vaccine does not work and why, scientifically, so that the discussion should be open to anyone who would like to debate it. Generalizations are not scientific, not safe and do not contribute to the scientific advancement of knowledge.

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Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Disease Infection and Promote Sustainable Development_Crimson Publishers

Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Disease Infection and Promote Sustainable Development in Cohesive Journal of microbiology & infectious disease
https://crimsonpublishers.com/cjmi/fulltext/CJMI.000534.php

Marine aquaculture may also cause environmental degradation from feces, uneaten feed and use of chemicals if the local carrying capacity is exceeded [1]. The most important benthic impact relates to the formation of anoxic sediments [2-4] which can be easily monitored. Both sediment condition and waste accumulation are good indicators for detecting the environmental condition at aquaculture sites. Beveridge [5] revealed that environmental deterioration because of high organic matter concentrations in the sediments may affect the health of farmed fish and hence profitability. Waste and waste-makes quality management for marine aquaculture in other countries has not only focused on the release limitations of organic matter, and nutrients [6-8] but also on chemicals [9] used on the farms regardless wherever into estuaries or nearshore coastal waters [10,11]. This investigation uses an environmental monitoring program to understand and assess the environmental impact of marine farming. Environmental monitoring program ratings for the near-field effects from trace metals in sediments [12]. Waste management for marine aquaculture in other countries has focused on the release of organic matter, nutrients, and chemicals directly from the farms into estuaries and coastal waters. Finfish farms need more extensive programs for the management of waste than shellfish farms, because finfish provide exogenous food sources [10]. Redox potential is useful as an indicator of the degree of microbial activity in organically-enriched sediments [13,14]. Here we used an EMP to determine and assess the environmental impact of farming.

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